6 Must-Know Facts About Arboviruses (And How to Stay Safe)

Diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes—such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya—pose a serious and growing threat to global health. Today, an estimated 4 billion people live in areas at risk of infection, and that number could reach 5 billion by 2050. While many are familiar with these diseases by name, few understand the depth of their impact, history, and the science behind their transmission. Here are six essential facts that shed light on the complexity and urgency of tackling arboviruses worldwide.

1. Zika was first discovered in monkeys in 1947. Although it became globally known during the 2015 outbreak linked to microcephaly in Brazil, Zika was actually identified in a rhesus monkey in Uganda nearly eight decades ago. The virus is named after the Zika Forest, where it was first detected. Since then, it has evolved to infect humans and can now be transmitted not only through mosquito bites but also via sexual contact and from mother to fetus during pregnancy.

2. Chikungunya can cause joint pain that lasts for months. The name “chikungunya” comes from the Makonde language and means “that which bends up,” referring to the stooped posture of those suffering from intense joint pain. While the disease is rarely fatal, its symptoms—especially joint inflammation and pain—can persist for more than six months, significantly impacting quality of life.

3. Dengue has four serotypes—and you can get infected more than once. Dengue virus comes in four variations, known as DEN-1 through DEN-4. A person infected with one type is not immune to the others. In fact, subsequent infections often come with an increased risk of developing severe dengue, including hemorrhagic forms that can be life-threatening. This makes dengue one of the most complex viral infections to monitor and manage on a global scale.

4. Mosquitoes detect humans from far away—and they choose their targets. The Aedes aegypti mosquito relies on cues like carbon dioxide, body heat, and sweat to find a host. It can detect a person from as far as 20 meters. Research has shown that some people, such as those with faster metabolisms or pregnant individuals, emit stronger signals and are more likely to be bitten.

5. 2024 saw the highest number of global dengue cases ever recorded. According to the World Health Organization, dengue cases surged worldwide in 2024, more than doubling from the previous year. Over 12.3 million probable cases were reported globally, with Latin America and the Caribbean experiencing the brunt of the epidemic—accounting for more than 13 million suspected cases and over 8,000 deaths. This record-breaking spike highlighted the urgent need for improved public health strategies, early warning systems, and innovative vector-control tools.

6. Biodegradable mosquito traps offer a safer, greener way to fight back. As concerns grow over chemical insecticides and their environmental impact, sustainable alternatives are emerging. Earthwise has developed biodegradable traps designed to capture Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This sustainable, effective, and environmentally safe solution works continuously and discreetly, making it ideal for use in homes, schools, businesses, and public spaces. It represents an innovative alternative in the fight against arboviruses.

The bottom line: Arboviruses are not only persistent—they’re evolving alongside the climate and urban landscapes that help mosquitoes thrive. As we face rising infection rates and expanding risk zones, it’s more important than ever to invest in education, prevention, and sustainable innovation. Whether through improved surveillance, public awareness, or eco-friendly solutions, the fight against arboviruses must be global, coordinated, and forward-thinking.